Keyword Analysis & Research: sop for hplc method validation

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Popes Encyclopedia. FadiSoft Inc. Education. Everyone. 14. Add to Wishlist. $0.99 Buy. Powerful browsing tool for the full list of Popes in history. A great educational app for all. Powerful listing options include: Browse by date, by ethnicity, by Papal Name, by religious order, by sainthood status, Popes who resigned, or list all. Offered By: FadiSoft Inc. Current Version: 1.0 Content Rating: Everyone

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encyclopedia.com

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Mar 12, 2018 . In this edition of New Catholic Encyclopedia there is a separate article on every pope and antipope, which contains the important biographical and historical material relating to each individual. St. Peter, … 64 or 67. St. Linus, 68 – 79. St. Anacletus (Cletus), 80 – 92. St. Clement I, 92 – 99 (or 68 – 76. St. Evaristus, 99 or 96 – 108.

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wikipedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes

1st millennium 1st millennium 1st century Popes of the 1st century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 1 30–33 / 64–68 St PETRVS AD 1 , , 29–32 / 62–67 Born Jewish. First pope. of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition he received the keys of the ( ). Feast day () 29 June. The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ. Also revered as saint in , with a feast day of 29 June. in Vatican City is named after him. 2 64–68 / 76–79 St LINVS 10 AD , , Roman Empire 54–58 / 66–69 First Roman pope. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 7 June. 3 76–79 / 88–91 St (Cletus)ANACLETVS (CLETVS) 25 AD , , Roman Empire 51–54 / 63–66 First Greek pope. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus. 4 26 April 88 –23 November 99(11 years, 211 days) St CLEMENS c. 35 AD , Italy, Roman Empire 53 / 64 (†66) Roman. Feast day 23 November. Issued which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 25 November. He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown in the sea. 5 23 November 99 –27 October 105(5 years, 338 days) St EVARISTVS c. 30 AD , , Roman Empire 69 / 75 Hellenized Jew. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October. 2nd century Popes of the 2nd century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 6 27 October 105 –3 May 115(9 years, 188 days) St ALEXANDER c. 75 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 30 / 40 Roman. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 18 March. 7 3 May 115 –3 April 125(9 years, 335 days) St XYSTVS 42 AD Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 73 / 83 Greek. Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 10 August. 8 3 April 125 –5 January 136(10 years, 277 days) St TELESPHORVS c. 67 , Italy, Roman Empire 58 / 69 Greek. Feast day of 5 January. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 22 February. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr. 9 5 January 136 –11 January 140(4 years, 6 days) St HYGINVS c. 74 Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire 58 / 62 Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January. 10 11 January 140 –11 July 155(15 years, 181 days) St PIVS c. 81 , Italy, Roman Empire 59 / 74 Roman, brother of . Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that should only be celebrated on a Sunday. 11 11 July 155 –20 April 166(10 years, 283 days) St ANICETVS c. 92 , , Roman Empire 63 / 74 Hellenized Syrian; first Syrian pope. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair. 12 20 April 166 –22 April 174(8 years, 2 days) St SOTERIVS c. 119 , Italia, Roman Empire 46 / 55 Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome. 13 22 April 174 –26 May 189(15 years, 34 days) St ELEVTHERIVS c. 130 , , Roman Empire 45 / 59 Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May. 14 26 May 189 –28 July 199(10 years, 63 days) St VICTOR c. 155 , Roman Empire 34 / 44 Roman Berber; first pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Known for excommunicating . controversy. 15 28 July 199 –20 December 217(18 years, 145 days) St ZEPHYRINVS c. 160 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 39 / 57 Roman. Combated against the heresies of the followers of Theodotus the Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus. Although not physically martyred (), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured. — c. 199 –c. 200(1 year, 0 days) NATALIVS Rome, Italia, Roman Empire — Roman. In opposition to pope . Later reconciled. 3rd century Popes of the 3rd century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 16 20 December 217 –14 October 222(4 years, 298 days) St CALLIXTVS c. 155 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 62 / 67 Greek. Martyred; feast day 14 October. — 217 –235(18 years, 0 days) St HIPPOLYTVS c. 170 , Roman Empire 47 / 65 Greek. In opposition to , and . Later reconciled with Pontian (see below). 17 14 October 222 –23 May 230(7 years, 221 days) St VRBANVS c. 175 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 47 / 55 Roman. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 25 May. 18 21 August 230 –28 September 235(5 years, 38 days) St PONTIANVS c. 175 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 55 / 60 Roman. First to abdicate after exile to by Emperor . The records his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history. 19 21 November 235 –3 January 236(43 days) St ANTERVS c. 180 , Italy, Roman Empire 55 / 56 Greek. Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 5 August. 20 10 January 236 –20 January 250(14 years, 10 days) St FABIANVS c. 200 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 36 / 50 Roman. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 5 August. 21 6 March 251 –25 June 253(2 years, 111 days) St CORNELIVS c. 180 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 71 / 73 Roman. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September. — March 251 –258(7 years, 0 days) NOVATIANVS c. 200–20 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 31–51 / 38–58 Roman. Founder of . In opposition to , , and . 22 25 June 253 –5 March 254(253 days) St LUCIVS c. 200 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 48 / 49 Roman. Feast day 5 March. 23 12 March 254 –2 August 257(3 years, 143 days) St STEPHANVS c. 205 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire 54 / 57 Greek. Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in , with the same feast day. 24 30 August 257 –6 August 258(341 days) St XYSTVS Secundus c. 215 Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire 42 / 43 Greek. Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 10 August. 25 22 July 259 –26 December 268(9 years, 157 days) St DIONYSIVS c. 200 Terra Nova, Italy, Roman Empire 59 / 68 Greek. Feast day 26 December. 26 5 January 269 –30 December 274(5 years, 359 days) St FELIX c. 206 Rome, Italy Roman Empire 63 / 68 Roman. 27 4 January 275 –7 December 283(8 years, 337 days) St EVTYCHIANVS c. 240 , Italy, Roman Empire (Now Luni, Italy) 35 / 43 Roman. 28 17 December 283 –22 April 296(12 years, 127 days) St CAIVS c. 245 , , Roman Empire 38 / 51 Roman. Martyred by beheading (according to legend). Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 11 August. 29 30 June 296 –26 April 304(7 years, 301 days) St MARCELLINVS c. 250 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 46 / 54 Roman. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 7 June. 4th century Popes of the 4th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 30 27 May 308 –16 January 309(234 days) St MARCELLVS c. 255 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 53 / 54 Roman. Banished from Rome under (309). 31 18 April 309 –17 August 310(1 year, 121 days) St EVSEBIVS c. 255 , Roman Empire 54 / 54 (†55) Greek. Banished by the emperor , and died in exile. 32 2 July 311 –10 January 314(2 years, 192 days) St (Melchiades)MILTIADES c. 270 Africa, Roman Empire 41 / 44 Roman Berber. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the (313 AD) issued by . Presided over the of 313. 33 31 January 314 –31 December 335(21 years, 334 days) St SILVESTER c. 285 , , Roman Empire 29 / 50 Roman. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during the (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him was built: the , and . Stated to be the recipient of the , which was later shown to be a forgery. 34 18 January 336 –7 October 336(263 days) St MARCVS c. 290 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 46 / 46 Roman. One of Mark's undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings. Feast day 7 October. 35 6 February 337 –12 April 352(15 years, 66 days) St IVLIVS c. 280 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 57 / 72 Roman. He was involved in the controversy, supporting . 36 17 May 352 –24 September 366(14 years, 130 days) LIBERIVS c. 310 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 42 / 56 Roman. Banished by the Arian-leaning Emperor and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 27 August. — 355 –22 November 365(10 years, 0 days) FELIX Secundus c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 55 / 65 Roman. In opposition to . Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor . 37 1 October 366 –11 December 384(18 years, 71 days) St DAMASVS c. 305 , or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 60 / 78 Roman. The first pope from modern-day . Patron of , commissioned the translation of the Bible. Pope during the (381), the second ecumenical council. (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after the Emperor abdicates the title of "". — 1 October 366 –16 November 367(1 year, 46 days) VRSINVS Rome, Italy, Roman Empire — Roman. In opposition to . Banished to by Emperor after a war between two sects and died after 384. 38 17 December 384 –26 November 399(14 years, 344 days) St SIRICIVS c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 50 / 65 Roman. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius’ important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop ), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject. 39 27 November 399 –19 December 401(2 years, 22 days) St ANASTASIVS c. 340 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 59 / 61 Roman. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the . 5th century Popes of the 5th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 40 21 December 401 –12 March 417(15 years, 81 days) St INNOCENTIVS c. 378 , , Roman Empire 41 / 57 Roman. under . 41 18 March 417 –26 December 418(1 year, 283 days) St ZOSIMVS c. 370 , et Bruttii, Roman Empire 47 / 48 Greek. — 27 December 418 –3 April 419(97 days) EVLALIVS c. 350–80 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 68–38 / 69–39 (†72–42) Roman. In opposition to . Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor , but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423. 42 28 December 418 –4 September 422(3 years, 250 days) St BONIFACIVS c. 377 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 43 / 47 Roman. 43 10 September 422 –27 July 432(9 years, 321 days) St CAELESTINVS c. 380 , Roman Empire 42 / 52 Roman. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches. 44 31 July 432 –18 August 440(8 years, 18 days) St XYXTVS Tertius c. 390 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 42 / 50 Roman. 45 29 September 440 –10 November 461(21 years, 42 days) St (Leo the Great)LEO MAGNVS c. 390 , Italia, Roman Empire 50 / 71 Roman. Convinced to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the which was instrumental in the (451) and in defining the . Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 18 February. 46 19 November 461 –29 February 468(6 years, 102 days) St HILARIVS c. 400 Sardinia, Italy, 46 / 53 Roman. 47 3 March 468 –10 March 483(15 years, 7 days) St SIMPLICIVS c. 430 , Italy, Western Roman Empire 38 / 53 Roman. Papacy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by . 48 13 March 483 –1 March 492(8 years, 354 days) St FELIX Tertius c. 440 Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire 43 / 52 Imperial Roman pope. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of pope Gregory I. 49 1 March 492 –21 November 496(4 years, 265 days) St GELASIVS c. 410 , , Africa, Western Roman Empire 82 / 86 Roman Berber; the last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ". 50 24 November 496 –19 November 498(1 year, 360 days) ANASTASIVS Secundus c. 445 Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire 51 / 53 Greek. Tried to end the but it resulted in the . 51 22 November 498 –19 July 514(15 years, 239 days) St SYMMACHVS c. 460 Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire 38 / 54 Roman. — 22 November 498 –Aug 506/8(7 years, 252 days) LAVRENTIVS c. 460 Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire 38 / 46 (†48) Roman. In opposition to . Elected on the same day as Symachus, King settled in favor of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08. 6th century Popes of the 6th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 52 20 July 514 –6 August 523(9 years, 17 days) St HORMISDAS c. 450 , Italy, Western Roman Empire 64 / 73 Roman. Father of Pope Silverius. . 53 13 August 523 –18 May 526(2 years, 278 days) St IOANNES c. 470 , Italy, Western Roman Empire 53 / 56 Roman. 54 12 July 526 –22 September 530(4 years, 72 days) St FELIX Quartus c. 490 , 36 / 40 Roman. Sometimes called Felix III. Built . 55 22 September 530 –17 October 532(2 years, 25 days) BONIFACIVS Secundus c. 490 Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer 40 / 42 ; first pope. Changed the numbering of the years in the from to . — 22 September 530 –14 October 530(22 days) DIOSCORVS , , — Greek. In opposition to . Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by , he died less than a month after his election. 56 2 January 533 –8 May 535(2 years, 126 days) IOANNES Secundus c. 473 Rome, Western Roman Empire 63 / 65 Roman. First pope not to use his personal name, as it was associated with a Roman god, . 57 13 May 535 –22 April 536(356 days) St AGAPETVS c. 490 Rome, 45 / 46 Roman. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 17 April. 58 8 June 536 –11 March 537(276 days) St SILVERIVS c. 480 , 56 / 57 Roman. Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of . 59 29 March 537 –7 June 555(18 years, 70 days) VIGILIVS c. 500 Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer 37 / 55 Roman. Pope during the (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. 60 16 April 556 –4 March 561(4 years, 322 days) PELAGIVS c. 505 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 51 / 56 Roman. Credited with the construction of the basilica of . 61 17 July 561 –13 July 574(12 years, 361 days) IOANNES Tertius c. 520 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 41 / 54 Roman. Second Pope not to use his personal name. 62 2 June 575 –30 July 579(4 years, 58 days) BENEDICTVS c. 525 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 50 / 54 Roman. 63 26 November 579 –7 February 590(10 years, 73 days) PELAGIVS Secundus c. 520 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 59 / 70 Romanized Ostrogoth. Ordered the construction of the . 64 3 September 590 –12 March 604(13 years, 191 days) St (Gregory the Great)GREGORIVS MAGNVS c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 50 / 64 Last imperial Roman Pope. Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the titles and . Established the . Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in . 7th century Popes of the 7th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 65 13 September 604 –22 February 606(1 year, 162 days) SABINIANVS c. 530 , Eastern Roman Empire 74 / 76 Roman. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by the . 66 19 February 607 –12 November 607(266 days) BONIFACIVS Tertius c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 67 / 67 Greek. 67 15 September 608 –8 May 615(6 years, 235 days) St BONIFACIVS Quartus c. 550 , Eastern Roman Empire 58 / 65 Roman. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the . 68 13 November 615 –8 November 618(2 years, 360 days) St ADEODATVS or DEVSDEDIT c. 570 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 58 Roman. Sometimes called Deusdedit. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called . 69 23 December 619 –25 October 625(5 years, 306 days) BONIFACIVS Quintus c. 575 , Eastern Roman Empire 44 / 50 Roman. 70 27 October 625 –12 October 638(12 years, 350 days) HONORIVS c. 585 , Campania, Eastern Roman Empire 40 / 53 Roman. Named a heretic and by the . (680) 71 28 May 640 –2 August 640(66 days) SEVERINVS c. 585 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 55 Roman. 72 24 December 640 –12 October 642(1 year, 292 days) IOANNES Quartus c. 587 , Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire 40 / 42 Roman. 73 24 November 642 –14 May 649(6 years, 171 days) THEODORVS c. 610 , Eastern Roman Empire 32 / 39 Greek. The last pope from . Planned the , but died before it could open. 74 5 July 649 –12 November 655(6 years, 130 days) St MARTINVS c. 590 Near , , Eastern Roman Empire 59 / 65 Roman. Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 14 April. 75 10 August 654 –2 June 657(2 years, 296 days) St EVGENIVS c. 615 Rome, (formally Eastern Roman Empire) 39 / 42 Roman. 76 30 July 657 –27 January 672(14 years, 181 days) St VITALIANVS c. 600 , Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 57 / 72 Roman. 77 11 April 672 –17 June 676(4 years, 67 days) ADEODATVS Secundus c. 621 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 51 / 55 Roman. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference to sometimes being called Deusdedit. Member of the . 78 2 November 676 –11 April 678(1 year, 160 days) DONVS c. 610 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 66 / 68 Roman. 79 27 June 678 –10 January 681(2 years, 197 days) St AGATHO c. 577 , , Eastern Roman Empire 101 / 104 Greek. Also revered as a saint in , with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during the (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. 80 17 August 682 –3 July 683(320 days) St LEO Secundus c. 611 , Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire 71 / 72 Greek. Feast day 3 July. 81 26 June 684 –8 May 685(316 days) St BENEDICTVS Secundus c. 635 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 49 / 50 Roman. Feast day 7 May. 82 23 July 685 –2 August 686(1 year, 10 days) IOANNES Quintus c. 635 , Syria, Eastern Roman Empire 50 / 51 Greek. 83 21 October 686 –21 September 687(335 days) CONON c. 630 , Eastern Roman Empire 56 / 57 Greek. 84 15 December 687 –8 September 701(13 years, 267 days) St SERGIVS c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire 37 / 51 Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass. 8th century Popes of the 8th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 85 30 October 701 –11 January 705(3 years, 73 days)(1169) IOANNES Sextus Ioannes c. 650 , Eastern Roman Empire 46 / 50 Greek. The only pope who came from . 86 1 March 705 –18 October 707(2 years, 231 days)(961) IOANNES Septimus Ioannes c. 655 , , Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 57 Greek. The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. 87 15 January 708 –4 February 708(20 days)(20) SISINNIVS Sisinnius c. 650 Syria, 58 / 58 Syrian. 88 25 March 708 –9 April 715(7 years, 15 days)(2571) CONSTANTINVS Constantinus c. 664 Syria, 44 / 51 Syrian. Last pope to visit while in office, until in 2001. 89 19 May 715 –11 February 731(15 years, 268 days)(5747) St GREGORIVS Secundus Gregorius c. 669 Rome, Duchy of Rome(Eastern Roman Empire) 46 / 62 Roman. Feast day 11 February. Held the . 90 18 March 731 –28 November 741(10 years, 255 days)(3908) St GREGORIVS Tertius Gregorius c. 669 Syria, 41 / 51 Syrian; the last pope from . The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of in 2013. 91 3 December 741 –22 March 752(10 years, 110 days)(3762) St ZACHARIAS Zacharias c. 679 , Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire 62 / 73 Greek. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of . — 22 March 752 –25 March 752(3)(Never took office as pope) STEPHANUS Stephanus c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 52 / 52 Roman. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received . Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church. 92 26 March 752 –26 April 757(5 years, 31 days)(1857) STEPHANVS Secundus Stephanus c. 714 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 38 / 43 Roman. Sometimes called Stephen III. The . Brother of . 93 29 May 757 –28 June 767(10 years, 30 days)(3682) St PAVLVS Paulus c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 57 / 67 Roman. Brother of . 94 7 August 768 –24 January 772(3 years, 170 days)(1265) STEPHANVS Tertius Stephanus c. 723 Syracuse, , Eastern Roman Empire 45 / 49 Greek. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned the . 95 1 February 772 –26 December 795(23 years, 328 days)(8729) HADRIANVS Hadrianus a. 700–12 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 72–60 / 95–83 Roman. Pope during the (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. 96 26 December 795 –12 June 816(20 years, 169 days)(7474) St LEO Tertius Leo c. 750 Rome, Duchy of Rome(formally Eastern Roman Empire) 45 / 66 Roman. Crowned emperor on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the , requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its ruler's legitimacy. 9th century Popes of the 9th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 97 22 June 816 –24 January 817(216 days)(216) STEPHANVS Quartus c. 770 Rome, 46 / 47 First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V. 98 25 January 817 –11 February 824(7 years, 17 days)(2573) St PASCHALIS c. 775 Rome, Papal States 42 / 49 Italian. Son of Bonosus and . Credited with finding the body of in the , building the basilica of and the church of . 99 8 May 824 –27 August 827(3 years, 111 days)(1206) EVGENIVS Secundus c. 780 Rome, Papal States 44 / 47 Italian. 100 31 August 827 –10 October 827(40 days)(40) VALENTINVS c. 780 Rome, Papal States 47 / 47 Italian. 101 20 December 827 –25 January 844(16 years, 36 days)(5880) GREGORIVS Quartus c. 790 Rome, Papal States 37 / 54 Italian. Rebuilt the atrium of and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of . 102 25 January 844 –27 January 847(3 years, 2 days)(1098) SERGIVS Secundus c. 790 Rome, Papal States 54 / 57 Italian. 103 10 April 847 –17 July 855(8 years, 98 days)(3020) St LEO Quartus c. 790 Rome, Papal States 57 / 65 Lombard. Member of the . 104 29 September 855 –17 April 858(2 years, 200 days)(931) BENEDICTVS Tertius c. 810 Rome, Papal States 45 / 48 Italian. 105 24 April 858 –13 November 867(9 years, 203 days)(3490) St (Nicholas the Great)NICOLAVS MAGNVS c. 800 Rome, Papal States 39 / 48 Italian. Encouraged missionary activity. 106 14 December 867 –14 December 872(5 years, 0 days)(1827) HADRIANVS Secundus c. 792 Rome, Papal States 75 / 80 Italian. Pope during the (869), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. 107 14 December 872 –16 December 882(10 years, 2 days)(3654) IOANNES Octavus c. 820 Rome, Papal States 52 / 62 Italian. First pope to be assassinated. 108 16 December 882 –15 May 884(1 year, 151 days)(516) MARINVS c. 830 , Papal States 52 / 54 Italian. Erroneously also known as Martin II. 109 17 May 884 –15 September 885(1 year, 121 days)(486) St HADRIANVS Tertius c. 830 Rome, Papal States 49 / 50 Italian. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor. 110 14 September 885 –4 September 891(5 years, 355 days)(2181) STEPHANVS Quintus c. 840 Rome, Papal States 45 / 51 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VI. 111 6 October 891 –4 April 896(4 years, 181 days)(1642) FORMOSVS c. 805–16 , Papal States 75–85 / 80–91 Italian. In early 897 following the . His body was reburied with full Christian honors in 897. 112 11 April 896 –26 April 896(15 days)(15) BONIFATIVS Sextus c. 806 Rome, Papal States 90 / 90 Italian. 113 22 May 896 –14 August 897(1 year, 84 days)(449) STEPHANVS c. 850 Rome, Papal States 46 / 47 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous . 114 14 August 897 –Nov 897(92 days)(92) ROMANVS c. 850 Gallese, Papal States 47 / 47 Italian. 115 December 897 –20 December 897(19 days)(19) THEODORVS Secundus c. 840 Rome, Papal States 57 / 57 Greek. 116 18 January 898 –5 January 900(1 year, 352 days)(717) IOANNES Nonus c. 840 , Papal States 58 / 60 Lombard. Member of the . 117 1 February 900 –30 July 903(3 years, 179 days)(1274) BENEDICTVS Quartus c. 840 Rome, Papal States 60 / 63 Italian. 10th century Popes of the 10th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Name: English· Latin Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 118 30 July 903 –Dec 903(124 days)(124) LEO Quintus c. 845 , Papal States 58 / 58 (†59) Italian. Deposed and murdered. — October 903 – January 904(92 days)(92) CHRISTOFORO Rome, Papal States — Italian. In opposition to . 119 29 January 904 –14 April 911(7 years, 75 days)(2632) SERGIVS Tertius c. 860 Rome, Papal States 44 / 51 Italian. "" begins. The first pope to be depicted with the . 120 14 April 911 –June 913(2 years, 48 days)(779) ANASTASIVS Tertius c. 865 Rome, Papal States 46 / 48 Italian. 121 7 July 913 –5 February 914(213 days)(213) LANDO c. 865 , Papal States 48 / 49 Italian. 122 March 914 –28 May 928(14 years, 88 days)(5202) IOANNES Decimus c. 860 , Papal States 54 / 68 Italian. 123 28 May 928 –Dec 928(187 days)(187) LEO Sextus c. 880 Rome, Papal States 48 / 48 Italian. 124 3 February 929 –13 February 931(2 years, 10 days)(740) STEPHANVS Septimus c. 880 Rome, Papal States 49 / 51 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VIII. 125 15 March 931 –Dec 935(4 years, 261 days)(1722) IOANNES Undecimus c. 910 Rome, Papal States 21 / 25 Italian. Probably, according to the and , the son of Pope Sergius III, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto, who was Marozia's husband. 126 3 January 936 –13 July 939(3 years, 191 days)(1287) LEO Septimus c. 885 Rome, Papal States 41 / 44 Italian. Member of the . 127 14 July 939 –30 October 942(3 years, 108 days)(1204) STEPHANVS Octavus c. 900 Rome, Papal States 39 / 42 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen IX. 128 30 October 942 –1 May 946(3 years, 183 days)(1279) MARINVS Secundus c. 900 Rome, Papal States 42 / 46 Italian. 129 10 May 946 –8 November 955(9 years, 182 days)(3469) AGAPETVS Secundus c. 905 Rome, Papal States 41 / 50 Italian. 130 16 December 955 –6 December 963(8 years, 356 days)(3278) IOANNES Duodecimus c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States 18–25 / 26–33 Italian. Third pope not to use his personal name (Octavian). Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "". — 6 December 963 –26 February 964(82 days)(82) LEO Octavus c. 915 Rome, Papal States 48 / 49 Italian. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to and . His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by the modern Catholic Church. 130 26 February 964 –14 May 964(78 days)(78) IOANNES Duodecimus c. 937 Rome, Papal States 27-34 / 27-34 Italian. Possibly murdered in 964. 131 22 May 964 –23 June 964(32 days)(32) BENEDICTVS Quintus c. 915 Rome, Papal States 49 / 49 (†50) Italian. Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope. 132 23 June 964 –1 March 965(251 days)(251) LEO Octavus c. 915 Rome, Papal States 49 / 50 Italian. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church. An appointee of , his pontificate occurred during the period known as the . 133 1 October 965 –6 September 972(6 years, 341 days)(2532) IOANNES Tertius Decimus c. 930 Rome, Papal States 35 / 42 Italian. Chronicled after his death as "the Good". 134 19 January 973 –8 June 974(1 year, 140 days)(505) BENEDICTVS Sextus c. 925 Rome, Papal States 48 / 49 Lombard. Deposed and murdered. — July 974 –July 974(30 days)(30) BONFATIUS Septinus Rome, Papal States — Italian, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to and . 135 October 974 –10 July 983(8 years, 282 days)(3204) BENEDICTVS Septimus c. 930 Rome, Papal States 44 / 53 Italian. 136 December 983 –20 August 984(263 days)(263) IOANNES Quartus Decimus c. 940 , , 43 / 44 Italian. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova). — 20 August 984 –20 July 985(334 days)(334) BONFATIUS Septinus Rome, Papal States — Italian. In opposition to and 137 20 August 985 –1 April 996(10 years, 225 days)(3877) IOANNES Quintus Decimus c. 950 Rome, Papal States 35 / 46 Italian. The first pope to formally canonize a saint. 138 3 May 996 –18 February 999(2 years, 291 days)(1021) GREGORIVS Quintus c. 972 , , Holy Roman Empire 24 / 27 The first official German pope and fifth not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes. — April 997 –February 998(306 days)(306) IOANNES Sextus Decimus c. 941 , Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 56 (†60) Greek. In opposition to 139 2 April 999 –12 May 1003(4 years, 40 days)(1500) SILVESTER Secundus c. 940–42 , 52–54 / 56–58 Born Gerbert, the first French () pope.2nd millennium 2nd millennium 11th century Popes of the 11th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 140 16 May 1003 –6 November 1003(174 days) IOANNES Septimus Decimus Siccone Secchi c. 955 Rome, Papal States 48 / 48 Italian. 141 25 December 1003 –18 July 1009(5 years, 205 days) IOANNES Duodevicesimus Giovanni Fasano c. 965 ,Papal States 43 / 49 Italian. 142 31 July 1009 –12 May 1012(2 years, 286 days) SERGIVS Quartus Pietro Martino Boccadiporco c. 970 Rome, Papal States 39 / 42 Italian. — 12 June 1012 –31 December 1012(202 days) GREGORIVS Sextus Gregorio Rome, Papal States — Italian. In opposition to 143 18 May 1012 –9 April 1024(11 years, 327 days) BENEDICTVS Octavus Teofilatto di Tuscolo c. 980 Rome, Papal States 32 / 44 Italian. 144 14 May 1024 –6 October 1032(8 years, 145 days) IOANNES Undevicesimus Romano di Tuscolo c. 975 Rome, Papal States 49 / 57 Italian. Brother of Benedict VIII. 145 21 October 1032 –31 December 1044(12 years, 71 days) BENEDICTVS Nonus Teofilatto di Tuscolo Rome, Papal States 20 / 32 (†43) Italian; first term. 146 13 January 1045 –10 March 1045(56 days) SILVESTER Tertius Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani c. 1000 Rome, Papal States 45 / 45 (†63) Italian. Validity of election questioned; considered ; deposed at the . 147 10 March 1045 –1 May 1045(52 days) BENEDICTVS Nonus Teofilatto di Tuscolo Rome, Papal States 33 / 33 (†43) Italian. Second term; deposed at the . 148 5 May 1045 –20 December 1046(1 year, 229 days) GREGORIVS Sextus Giovanni Graziano c. 1000 Rome, Papal States 45 / 46 (†48) Italian. Deposed at the . 149 24 December 1046 –9 October 1047(289 days) CLEMENS Secundus Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg c. 967 , Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire 79 / 80 German. Appointed by at the ; crowned Henry III as emperor. 150 8 November 1047 –17 July 1048(252 days) BENEDICTVS Nonus Teofilatto di Tuscolo 1012 Rome, Papal States 35 / 36 (†43) Italian. Third term; deposed and excommunicated. 151 17 July 1048 –9 August 1048(23 days) DAMASVS Secundus Poppo de Curagnoni c. 1000 , , Holy Roman Empire 48 / 48 German. 152 12 February 1049 –19 April 1054(5 years, 66 days) St LEO Nonus Bruno von 21 July 1002 , , Holy Roman Empire 47 / 51 German. In 1054, mutual of Leo IX and began the . The were rescinded by and in 1965. 153 13 April 1055 –28 July 1057(2 years, 106 days) VICTOR Secundus Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg c. 1018 , Holy Roman Empire 37 / 39 German. 154 2 August 1057 –29 March 1058(239 days) STEPHANVS Nonus (Decimus) Frederich c. 1020 , Holy Roman Empire 37 / 38 German. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the . — 4 April 1058 – 24 January 1059(295 days) BENEDICTVS Decimus Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo Rome, Papal States — Italian. In opposition to . 155 6 December 1058 –27 July 1061(2 years, 233 days) NICOLAVS Secundus Gerald de Bourgogne c. 980 , , Holy Roman Empire 78 / 81 French. In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document . (). — – 1072(10 years, 185 days) HONORIVS Secundus Pietro Candalus 1010 , Holy Roman Empire 61 / 72 Italian. In opposition to 156 –21 April 1073(11 years, 203 days) ALEXANDER Secundus Anselmo da Baggio c. 1018 , , Holy Roman Empire 46 / 58 Italian. Authorised the in 1066. 157 –25 May 1085(12 years, 33 days) St GREGORIVS Septimus Ildebrando di Soana c. 1015 , , Holy Roman Empire 48 / 60 Lombard. Initiated the . Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome. Member of the . Political struggle with , who had to go to (1077). — 25 June 1080 – 8 September 1100(20 years, 75 days) CLEMENS Tertius Pietro Cadnalus 1010 , Holy Roman Empire 61 / 72 Italian. In opposition to , , and . 158 –16 September 1087(1 year, 115 days) Bl. VICTOR Tertius Dauferio Epifani Del Zotto c. 1026 , 60 / 61 Lombard. Member of the . Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay investiture. 159 –29 July 1099(11 years, 139 days) Bl. VRBANVS Secundus Odon de Lagery c. 1042 , , France 46 / 57 French. Preached and started the . Member of the . 160 –21 January 1118(18 years, 161 days) PASCHALIS Secundus Rainero Ranieri c. 1050 , , Holy Roman Empire 49 / 68 Lombard. Member of the . Ordered the building of the basilica of . — 8 September 1100 – January 1101(115 days) THEODORICVS Teodorico c. 1030 Rome, Papal States 70 / 71 Lombard. In opposition to 12th century Popes of the 12th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes — January 1101 – February 1102(1 year, 31 days) ADALBERTVS Adalberto Rome, Papal States — Lombard. In opposition to — 8 November 1105 –11 April 1111(5 years, 154 days) SILVESTER Quartus Maguinulf 1050 Rome, Papal States 49 / 55 (†56) German. In opposition to . 161 –29 January 1119(1 year, 5 days) GELASIVS Secundus Giovanni c. 1061 , 57 / 58 Italian. — 10 March 1118 –20 April 1121(3 years, 41 days) GREGORIVS Octavus Maurice Baurdain c. 1060 , , France 58 / 61 (†77) French (Occitan). In opposition to and . 162 –13 December 1124(5 years, 315 days) CALLISTVS Secundus Guy c. 1060 , 59 / 64 French. Opened the in 1123. — –16 December 1124(0 days) COELESTINVS Secundus Teobaldo Boccapecora 1050 Rome, Papal States 74 / 74 (†76) French. In opposition to . 163 –13 February 1130(5 years, 54 days) HONORIVS Secundus Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano 9 February 1060 , , Holy Roman Empire 64 / 70 Italian. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the in 1128. 164 –24 September 1143(13 years, 222 days) INNOCENTIVS Secundus Gregorio Papareschi c. 1082 Rome, Papal States 48 / 61 Italian. Canon regular of Lateran. Convened the , 1139. — –25 January 1138(7 years, 345 days) ANACLETUS Secundus Pietro Pierleoni 1090 Rome, Papal States 40 / 48 Italian. In opposition to . — 23 March 1138 –25 March 1138(2 days) VICTOR Quartus Gregorio Conti Rome, Papal States — Italian. In Opposition to 165 –8 March 1144(164 days) COELESTINVS Secundus Guido Guelfuccio de Castello c. 1085 , Papal States 58 / 59 Italian. 166 –15 February 1145(340 days) LUCIVS Secundus Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso c. 1079 , Holy Roman Empire 65 / 66 Italian. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca. 167 –8 July 1153(8 years, 143 days) Bl. EVGENIVS Tertius Pietro dei Paganelli di Montemagno c. 1080 , 44 / 73 Italian. Member of the . Announced the . 168 –3 December 1154(1 year, 144 days) ANASTASIVS Quartus Corrado Demitri della c. 1073 Rome, Papal States 80 / 81 Italian. 169 –1 September 1159(4 years, 271 days) HADRIANVS Quartus Nicholas c. 1100 , , 54 / 59 The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to , King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery. 170 –30 August 1181(21 years, 357 days) ALEXANDER Tertius Rolando Bandinelli c. 1100 , 59 / 81 Italian. Convened the , 1179. — –20 April 1164(4 years, 226 days) VICTOR Quartus Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli 1095 Rome, Papal States 64 / 69 Italian. In opposition to . — 28 April 1164 –22 September 1168(4 years, 147 days) PASCALIS Tertius Guido di Crema 1110 Rome, Papal States 54 / 58 Italian. In opposition to . — 30 September 1168 –29 August 1178(9 years, 333 days) CALLIXTVS Tertius Giovanni di Struma 1090 Rome, Papal States 78 / 88 Italian. In opposition to . — 29 September 1179 – January 1180(124 days) INNOCENTIVS Tertius Lando di Sezze (or Lanzo) 1120 , Papal States 59 / 60 (†63) Italian. In opposition to . 171 –25 November 1185(4 years, 85 days) LUCIVS Tertius Ubaldo Allucignoli c. 1097 , , Holy Roman Empire 84 / 88 Italian. 172 –20 October 1187(1 year, 329 days) VRBANVS Tertius Uberto Crivelli c. 1120 , Holy Roman Empire 67 / 67 Italian. 173 –17 December 1187(57 days) GREGORIVS Octavus Alberto de Morra c. 1100 , Papal States 87 / 87 Italian. Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the . 174 –20 March 1191(3 years, 91 days) CLEMENS Tertius Paolo Scolari c. 1130 Rome, Papal States 57 / 61 Italian. 175 –8 January 1198(6 years, 284 days) COELESTINVS Tertius Giacinto Bobone c. 1106 Rome, Papal States 85 / 92 Motto: Perfice gressus meos in semitis tuis ("Going in Thy path")Italian. 176 –16 July 1216(18 years, 190 days) INNOCENTIVS Tertius Lotario dei 1161 , Papal States 37 / 55 Italian. Convened the , 1215. Initiated the but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the and instead intended to sack Christian cities. Endorsed the . 13th century Popes of the 13th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 177 –18 March 1227(10 years, 243 days) HONORIVSTertius Cencio c. 1148–50 Rome, 66–68 / 77–79 Italian. Initiated the . Approved several religious and tertiary orders. 178 –22 August 1241(14 years, 156 days) GREGORIVS Nonus Ugolino dei Conti di , c. 1145–70 , 57–82 / 71–96 Italian. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed the . 179 –10 November 1241(16 days) COELESTINVS Quartus Goffredo Castiglioni c. 1180–87 , , 54–61 / 54–61 Italian. Died before coronation. 180 –7 December 1254(11 years, 165 days) INNOCENTIVS Quartus Sinibaldo c. 1195 , , 48 / 60 Italian. Convened the (1245). Issued the bull that permitted the torture of heretics (1252). 181 –25 May 1261(6 years, 164 days) ALEXANDER Quartus Rinaldo dei di Jenne c. 1199 , 55 / 62 Italian. Established an Inquisition in France. 182 –2 October 1264(3 years, 34 days) VRBANVS Quartus Jacques Pantaléon c. 1195 , , France 66 / 69 French. Instituted the (1264). 183 –29 November 1268(3 years, 298 days) CLEMENSQuartus Gui Faucoi 23 November 1190 , Languedoc, France 62 / 66 French. — 29 November 1268 –1 September 1271(2 years, 276 days) Almost three-year without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope. 184 –10 January 1276(4 years, 131 days) Bl. GREGORIVS Decimus Tebaldo Visconti, c. 1210 , , 51 / 66 Italian. Convened the (1274). Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves until the 20th century. 185 –22 June 1276(153 days) Bl. INNOCENTIVS Quintus Pierre de Tarentaise, c. 1224/5 , 52 / 52 French. Member of the . 186 –18 August 1276(38 days) HADRIANVS Quintus Ottobuono c. 1216 , , 60 / 60 Italian. Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves. 187 –20 May 1277(254 days) IOANNES Vicesimus Primus Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano) c. 1215 , Portugal 60 / 70 Portuguese. Due to a confusion over the in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped. 188 –22 August 1280(2 years, 271 days) NICOLAVSTertius Giovanni Gaetano c. 1216 Rome, 61 / 64 Italian. Planned the . 189 –28 March 1285(4 years, 34 days) MARTINVS Quartus Simon de Brion c. 1210 Meinpicien, , France 71 / 75 French. 190 –3 April 1287(2 years, 1 day) HONORIVS Quartus Giacomo Savelli c. 1210 Rome, 75 / 77 Italian. 191 –4 April 1292(4 years, 42 days) NICOLAVS Quartus Girolamo Masci, 30 September 1227 Lisciano, 60 / 64 Italian. Member of the . — 4 April 1292 –5 July 1294(2 years, 92 days) Two-year without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope. 192 –13 December 1294(161 days) St COELESTINVS Quintus Pietro Angelerio, c. 1207–09 Sant'Angelo Limosano, 85–87 / 85–87 (†87–89) Italian. One of the few popes who abdicated voluntarily. Member of the . Founded the . Resigned from office and rumored to have been murdered in prison by . 193 –11 October 1303(8 years, 291 days) BONIFATIVS Octavus Benedetto c. 1230–36 , 59–64 / 68–73 Italian. Formalized the in 1300. Issued (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme. 14th century Popes of the 14th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 194 –7 July 1304(259 days) Bl. BENEDICTVS Undecimus Niccolò Boccasini, c. 1240 , 63 / 64 Motto: Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum ("Let Your Face shine upon Your servant") Italian. Member of the . Reverted Boniface VIII's . 195 –20 April 1314(8 years, 319 days) CLEMENS Quintus Raymond Bertrand de Gouth c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France 41 / 50 French. . Convened the (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King . — 20 April 1314 –7 August 1316(2 years, 79 days) Two-year without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope. 196 –4 December 1334(18 years, 119 days) IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse c. 1244–49 , , France 67–72 / 85–90 French. . Controversial for his views on the . Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading to write against unlimited papal power — 12 May 1328–25 July 1330(2 years, 74 days) NICOLAVS Quintus Pietro Rainalducci, 1260 , 68 / 70 (†73) Italian. In opposition to . 197 –25 April 1342(7 years, 126 days) BENEDICTVS Duodecimus Jacques Fournier, c. 1280–85 Saverdun, County of Foix, France 49–54 / 57–62 French. . Member of the . Known for issuing the (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism. 198 –6 December 1352(10 years, 213 days) CLEMENS Sextus Pierre Roger, c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, France 51 / 61 French. . Reigned during the and absolved those who died of it of their sins. 199 –12 September 1362(9 years, 268 days) INNOCENTIVS Sextus Étienne Aubert c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France 70 / 80 French. . Through his exertions the (1360) was brought about. 200 –19 December 1370(8 years, 82 days) Bl. VRBANVS Quintus Guillaume (de) Grimoard, c. 1309–10 Grizac, Languedoc, France 52–53 / 60–61 French. . Member of the . Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and . His pontificate witnessed the and . 201 –27 March 1378(7 years, 87 days) GREGORIVS Undecimus Pierre Roger de Beaufort c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, France 41 / 49 French. ; returns to Rome. The last pope. 202 –15 October 1389(11 years, 190 days) VRBANVS Sextus Bartolomeo Prignano c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples 60 / 71 Italian. . Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals. — 20 September 1378 –16 September 1394(15 years, 353 days) CLEMENS Septimus Robert de Genève 1342 , , 36 / 52 French. In opposition to (1378–89) and (1389–1404) — 28 September 1394 –23 May 1423(28 years, 237 days) BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor 25 November 1328 , 66 / 94 Spanish. In opposition to (1389–1404), (1404–06), (1406–15), (1417–31) and Pisan Antipopes (1409–10) and (1410–15) 203 –1 October 1404(14 years, 334 days) BONIFATIVS Nonus Pietro Tomacelli c. 1348–50 Naples, Kingdom of Naples c. 39-41 / c. 54-56 Italian of Greek descent. . 15th century Popes of the 15th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 204 –6 November 1406(2 years, 20 days) INNOCENTIVS Septimus Cosimo Gentile Migliorati 1336–39 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples 65–68 / 67–71 Italian. Reigned during the . 205 –4 July 1415(8 years, 216 days) GREGORIVS Duodecimus Angelo Correr 14 May 1324 , 82 / 91 (†92) Italian. Reigned during the . — –3 May 1410(307 days) ALEXANDER Quintus Pétros Philárgēs, 1339 , , 70 / 71 Greek. . In opposition to . Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day. — 25 May 1410 –30 May 1415(5 years, 5 days) IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius Baldassarre Cossa 1365 , 45 / 50 (†54) Italian. . In opposition to . Convened . Abdicated. Became in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958. — 4 July 1415 –11 November 1417(2 years, 136 days) Two-year period without a valid pope elected. The called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but only Gregory XII (Roman) and John XXIII (Pisan) abdicated. The Council finally excommunicated Benedict XIII (Avignon) and elected a new pope. 206 –20 February 1431(13 years, 101 days) MARTINVS Quintus Oddone , Jan/Feb 1369 , Papal States 48 / 62 Italian. His election effectively ended the Western Schism (1378–1417). Convened the (1431). Initiated the . — 10 or 20 June 1423 –26 July 1429(6 years, 36 days) CLEMENS Octavus Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón 1369 , 54 / 60 (†77) Spanish. . In opposition to . 1424 – 1429 Bernard Garnier France Two antipope claimants 1430 – 1437 Jean Carrier France Two antipope claimants 207 –23 February 1447(15 years, 357 days) EVGENIVS Quartus Gabriele Condulmer, 1383 Venice, Republic of Venice 47 / 63 Italian. Member of the . Nephew of Gregory XII. Crowned at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the . Issued the bull "", rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer those islands, still pagan. He excommunicated anyone who enslaved newly converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their liberty and possessions — –7 April 1449(9 years, 153 days) FELIX Quintus Amadeus 4 September 1383 , 56 / 65 (†67) French. In opposition to and . Also ruled as . 208 –24 March 1455(8 years, 18 days) NICOLAVS Quintus Tommaso Parentucelli 13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa 49 / 57 Italian. Held the of 1450. Crowned at Rome (1452). Issued the bull allowing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the . 209 –6 August 1458(3 years, 120 days) CALLISTVS Tertius Alfonso de 31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon 76 / 79 The first Spanish () pope. Ordered the to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the , in which she was vindicated. Initiated the custom that bells be rung at midday to remind the faithful to pray for the crusaders. The tradition of the Angelus noon bell still exists in most Catholic Churches to this day. Appointed two nephews as cardinals, one of whom became . 210 –15 August 1464(5 years, 362 days) PIVS Secundus Enea Silvio 18 October 1405 Corsignano, 52 / 58 Italian. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries. 211 –26 July 1471(6 years, 330 days) PAVLVS Secundus Pietro Barbo 23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice 47 / 54 Italian. The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now ). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States. 212 –12 August 1484(13 years, 3 days) XYSTVS Quartus Francesco , 21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa 57 / 70 Italian. Member of the . Commissioned the and created the . Authorized the targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of the of Spain. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Noted for his nepotism and involved in the . 213 –25 July 1492(7 years, 331 days) INNOCENTIVS Octavus Giovanni Battista 1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa 51 / 59 Italian. Appointed . Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull (1484). 214 –18 August 1503(11 years, 7 days) ALEXANDER Sextus Roderic Llançol i 1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon 61 / 72 Spanish (Valencian); Nephew of Callixtus III; father to and . Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull (1493). Considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate 16th century Popes of the 16th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 215 –18 October 1503(26 days) PIVS Tertius Francesco Todeschini 29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena 64 / 64 Italian. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the . 216 –21 February 1513(9 years, 113 days) IVLIVS Secundus Giuliano , 5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa 59 / 69 Italian. Nicknamed the 'Warrior Pope' or the 'Fearsome Pope'. Nephew of ; convened the (1512). Took control of all the for the first time. Became Pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Established the and initiated the rebuilding of the . The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guards for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against local lords. The interests of Julius II lay also in the New World as he ratified the , establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and beginning the catholicization of . In 1508, he commissioned the and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel. Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Pope Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church which would be used for the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica. 217 –1 December 1521(8 years, 267 days) LEO Decimus Giovanni di Lorenzo de' 11 December 1475 Florence, 37 / 45 Italian. Son of . Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo also reorganised the , and promoted the study of literature, poetry and antiquities. The last pope to not have been in priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy. 218 –14 September 1523(1 year, 248 days) HADRIANVS Sextus Aryaen Floriszoon Boeyens 2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, (now ) 62 / 64 Motto: Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait") The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until in 1978. Tutor of . Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for having attempted to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg. His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion. 219 –25 September 1534(10 years, 303 days) CLEMENS Septimus Giulio di Giuliano de' 26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence 45 / 56 Motto: Candor illæsus ("Unharmed candor") Italian. Cousin of Leo X. Rome by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of ; crowned Charles V as emperor at (1530). Commissioned Michelangelo's painting of in the Sistine Chapel (1533). Approved ’ (1533). His was married to the future (1533). Recognized the (Capuchins). 220 –10 November 1549(15 years, 28 days) PAVLVS Tertius Alessandro 29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States 66 / 81 Italian. Opened the (1545). His illegitimate son became the first . Decreed the second and final excommunication of King . Appointed to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546). Recognized the Order of the (Jesuits). 221 –29 March 1555(5 years, 50 days) IVLIVS Tertius Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte 10 September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 62 / 67 Italian. Established the (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. . 222 –1 May 1555(22 days) MARCELLVS Secundus Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi 6 May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States 53 / 53 Italian. The last to use his birth name as the . Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The composed in his honour. 223 –18 August 1559(4 years, 87 days) PAVLVS Quartus Giovanni Pietro Carafa, 28 June 1476 , , Kingdom of Naples 78 / 83 Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper") Italian. Member of the . Established the in (1555) and established the . Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly. 224 –9 December 1565(5 years, 348 days) PIVS Quartus Giovanni Angelo 31 March 1499 Milan, 60 / 66 Italian. Reopened and closed the . Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the . 225 –1 May 1572(6 years, 115 days) St PIVS Quintus Antonio Ghislieri, 17 January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan 61 / 68 Motto: Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas ("It binds us to keep") Italian. Member of the . Excommunicated Queen (1570). (1571); instituted the feast of . Issued the . 226 –10 April 1585(12 years, 332 days) GREGORIVS Tertius Decimus Ugo Boncompagni 7 January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 70 / 83 Motto: Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed") Italian. (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the as patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations. 227 –27 August 1590(5 years, 125 days) XYSTVS Quintus Felice Peretti di Montalto, 13 December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States 63 / 68 Italian. Member of the . Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the to 70 in number; doubled the number of . 228 –27 September 1590(12 days) VRBANVS Septimus Giovanni Battista Castagna 4 August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 69 / 69 Italian. Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches. 229 –16 October 1591(315 days) GREGORIVS Quartus Decimus Niccolò Sfondrati 11 February 1535 , Lombardy, Duchy of Milan 55 / 56 Italian. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made punishable by excommunication. 230 –30 December 1591(62 days) INNOCENTIVS Nonus Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti 20 July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 72 / 72 Italian. Supported the cause of King and the against King in the . Prohibited the alienation of church property. 231 –3 March 1605(13 years, 32 days) CLEMENS Octavus Ippolito Aldobrandini 24 February 1536 , Marche, Papal States 55 / 69 Italian. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as (1595). Convened the which addressed doctrinal disputes between the and regarding free will and divine grace. 17th century Popes of the 17th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 232 –27 April 1605(26 days) LEO Undecimus Alessandro Ottaviano de' 2 June 1535 Florence, 69 / 69 Italian. The great-nephew of . Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate. 233 –28 January 1621(15 years, 257 days) PAVLVS Quintus Camillo 17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 52 / 68 Motto: Absit nisi in te gloriari ("May it be absent, except to glory in you") Italian. Known for various building projects which included the facade of . Established the (1605); restored the . 234 –8 July 1623(2 years, 149 days) GREGORIVS Quintus Decimus Alessandro Ludovisi 9 January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 67 / 69 Italian. Established the (1622). Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against magicians and witches (1623). 235 –29 July 1644(20 years, 358 days) VRBANVS Octavus Maffeo 5 April 1568 Florence, 55 / 76 Italian. Trial against . The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication. 236 –7 January 1655(10 years, 114 days) INNOCENTIVS Decimus Giovanni Battista 6 May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 70 / 80 Motto: Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram ("Water on earth") Italian. The great-great-great-grandson of . Erected the in . Promulgated the apostolic constitution (1653) which condemned five doctrines of as . 237 –22 May 1667(12 years, 45 days) ALEXANDER Septimus Fabio 13 February 1599 Siena, 56 / 68 Italian. Great-nephew of . Commissioned . Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the almost identical to that of centuries later. 238 –9 December 1669(2 years, 172 days) CLEMENS Nonus Giulio Rospigliosi 28 January 1600 , Grand Duchy of Tuscany 67 / 69 Motto: Aliis non sibi Clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself") Italian. Mediated in the (1668). 239 –22 July 1676(6 years, 84 days) CLEMENS Decimus Emilio Bonaventura Altieri 13 July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 79 / 86 Motto: Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases good and diminishes evil") Italian. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St. (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and added one of the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries. 240 –12 August 1689(12 years, 325 days) Bl. INNOCENTIVS Undecimus Benedetto Odescalchi 16 May 1611 , , Duchy of Milan 65 / 78 Motto: Avarus non Implebitur ("The covetous man is not satisfied") Italian. Condemned the (1679) and initiated the . Extended the as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis. 241 –1 February 1691(1 year, 118 days) ALEXANDER Octavus Pietro Vito Ottoboni 22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice 79 / 80 Italian. Condemned the so-called (1690). 242 –27 September 1700(9 years, 77 days) INNOCENTIVS Duodecimus Antonio Pignatelli, 13 March 1615 , , Kingdom of Naples 76 / 85 Italian. Issued the bull to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions. 18th century Popes of the 18th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 243 –19 March 1721(20 years, 116 days) CLEMENS Undecimus Giovanni Francesco Albani 23 July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States 51 / 71 Italian. The . Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the and made the feast of the universal. 244 –7 March 1724(2 years, 304 days) INNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus Michelangelo dei 13 May 1655 Poli, Lazio, Papal States 65 / 68 Italian. Prohibited the from prosecuting their mission in ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull (1724) to revive ecclesiastical discipline in . 245 –21 February 1730(5 years, 268 days) BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus Pietro Francesco , 2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, , 75 / 81 Italian. Member of the ; third and last member of the to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide smoking ban set by and . 246 –6 February 1740(9 years, 209 days) CLEMENS Duodecimus Lorenzo , 7 April 1652 , 78 / 87 Motto: Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil") Italian. Completed the new façade of the (1735). Commissioned the in Rome (1732). Condemned in (1738). 247 –3 May 1758(17 years, 259 days) BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini 31 March 1675 , 65 / 83 Motto: Curabuntur omnes ("All will be healed") Italian. Reformed the education of and the . Completed the and affirmed the teachings of ; founded academies of art, religion and science. 248 –2 February 1769(10 years, 211 days) CLEMENS Tertius Decimus Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico 7 March 1693 Venice, 65 / 75 Italian. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the in "" (1765). 249 –22 September 1774(5 years, 126 days) CLEMENS Quartus Decimus Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, 31 October 1705 , 63 / 68 Italian. Member of the . Suppressed the in the brief "" (1773). 250 –29 August 1799(24 years, 195 days) PIVS Sextus Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi 25 December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 57 / 81 Motto: Floret in domo domini ("It blossoms in the house of God") Italian. Condemned the ; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of art. — 29 August 1799 –14 March 1800(197 days)(197) Six-month without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting. 19th century Popes of the 19th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 251 –20 August 1823(23 years, 159 days) PIVS Septimus Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, 14 August 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 57 / 81 Italian. Member of the . Present at 's coronation as . Expelled from the by the French between 1809 and 1814. 252 –10 February 1829(5 years, 135 days) LEO Duodecimus Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga 22 August 1760 Genga, Marche, Papal States 63 / 68 Italian. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through (1824). Condemned the Bible societies. 253 –30 November 1830(1 year, 244 days) PIVS Octavus Francesco Saverio Castiglioni 20 November 1761 Cingoli, Marche, Papal States 67 / 69 Italian. Accepted as . Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the brief Litteris altero (1830). 254 –1 June 1846(15 years, 119 days) GREGORIVS Sextus Decimus Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, 18 September 1765 Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice 65 / 80 Italian. Member of the ; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States. 255 –7 February 1878(31 years, 236 days)(11559) Bl. PIVS Nonus Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, 13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States 54 / 85 Italian. Opened the ; lost the to Italy. Defined the dogma of the and defined . Issued the controversial . Longest-serving pope since (c. AD 30–64). 256 –20 July 1903(25 years, 150 days) LEO Tertius Decimus Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, 2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Lazio, 67 / 93 Italian. Issued the encyclical ; supported against Communism. Had the third-longest reign after , and . Promoted the and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as . 20th century Popes of the 20th century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 257 –20 August 1914(11 years, 16 days) St PIVS Decimus Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto 2 June 1835 , , 68 / 79 Motto: Instaurare Omnia in Christo ("Restore all things in Christ") Italian. Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. Combatted ; issued the . Advocated the and . 258 –22 January 1922(7 years, 141 days) BENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa 21 November 1854 , , 59 / 67 Motto: In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. ("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.") Italian. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the ; supported the missionaries in . Remembered by as a "prophet of peace". 259 –10 February 1939(17 years, 4 days) PIVS Undecimus Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti 31 May 1857 , , Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 64 / 81 Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ") Italian. Signed the with Italy (1929) establishing as a sovereign state. Inaugurated (1931). Re-founded the (1936). Created the feast of . Opposed and . 260 –9 October 1958(19 years, 221 days) . PIVS Duodecimus Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli 2 March 1876 , 63 / 82 Motto: Opus Justitiae Pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace") Italian. Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical ; defined the dogma of the . Eliminated the Italian majority of . Credited with intervening for peace during ; controversial for to the . 261 –3 June 1963(4 years, 218 days) St IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli 25 November 1881 , , Italy 76 / 81 Motto: Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and peace") Italian. Opened the ; called "Good Pope John". Issued the encyclical (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the (1962). 262 –6 August 1978(15 years, 46 days) St PAVLVS Sextus Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini 26 September 1897 , , Italy 65 / 80 Motto: Cum Ipso in Monte ("With Him on the mount") Italian. Last pope to be . First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the . Issued the encyclical (1968) condemning artificial contraception. the (1969). 263 –28 September 1978(33 days) IOANNES PAVLVS Primus Albino Luciani 17 October 1912 , , Italy 65 / 65 Motto: Humilitas ("Humility") Italian. Abolished the coronation and opted for the . First pope to use 'the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors. Last pope to use the . 264 –2 April 2005(26 years, 168 days) St IOANNES PAVLVS Secundus Karol Józef Wojtyła 18 May 1920 , 58 / 84 Motto: ("Totally yours") Polish, first pope of Slavic origin. First non-Italian pope since (1522–1523). Travelled extensively, during his pontificate. Second longest reign after . Founded (1984) and the (1994). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846).3rd millennium 3rd millennium 21st century Popes of the 21st century Pontiffnumber Pontificate Portrait Name: English· Latin Personal name Date and Place of birth Age at start/end of papacy Notes 265 –(7 years, 315 days) BENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger (1927-04-16) 16 April 1927 (age 94) , Bavaria, 78 / 85 Motto: Cooperatores Veritatis ("Cooperators of the truth") German. Still alive. Oldest to become pope since (1730). Elevated the to a more prominent position and promoted the use of ; re-introduced several disused papal garments. Authorized the creation of (2009). First pope to on his own initiative since (1294), becoming . Longest-living pope on record. 266 –present(8 years, 352 days) FRANCISCVS Jorge Mario Bergoglio, (1936-12-17) 17 December 1936 (age 85) , 76 Motto: Miserando atque Eligendo ("Lowly but chosen", literally 'by having mercy, by choosing him') Argentine. First pope to be born outside Europe since (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a since (1831–1846); first pope. First to use a new and non-composed regnal name since (913–914). First pope to visit and celebrate a mass on the . Religious orders 51 popes and 6 (in italics) have been members of , including 12 members of . They are listed by order as follows: Family Order Number Percentage Popes Total Percentage 1 1.75% 6 10.53% 4 7.02% , , , 1 1.75% 22 38.6% , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 23 40.35% 1 1.75% 2 3.51% , 2 3.51% 7 12.28% , , , , , 7 12.28% 5 8.77% , , , , 17 29.82% 2 3.51% , 10 17.54% , , , , , , , , , 1 1.75% 1 1.75% 1 1.75% 1 1.75% Total 57 57 Numbering of popes follow the usual convention for European monarchs. Popes with unique names are not identified by ordinals. Antipopes are treated as , and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes. Alexander: (1409–1410) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century, when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence. Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal resulted from confusion between the Latin word dominus (lord) and the name Donus. Felix: (356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence. John: The is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, the Johns are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns. (997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence. (1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice. By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female , whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the Annuario Pontificio. (1410–1415) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century. After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes, (1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two [sic] Johns of indisputable legitimacy." Martin: (649–655) is followed by Martin IV (1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names Marinus and Martinus, and were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III. Stephen: (752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961. The remaining Stephens are now numbered (752–757) to (1057–1058). See also .mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}

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newadvent.org

https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm

St. Gregory VII (1073-85) Gregory and the following three popes were opposed by Guibert ("Clement III"), antipope (1080-1100) Blessed Victor III (1086-87) Blessed Urban II (1088-99)

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wikipedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope

The pope (Latin: papa, from Greek: πάππας, romanized: pappas, "father"), also known as supreme pontiff (Pontifex maximus or Summus Pontifex), Roman pontiff (Romanus Pontifex) or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome, head of the worldwide Catholic Church, and head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City State. According to Catholics, the primacy of the bishop …

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britannica.com

https://www.britannica.com/browse/Saints-Popes

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Popes Encyclopedia. 567 likes. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/popes-encyclopedia/id866912892?ls=1&mt=8... Followers: 589

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wikipedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes_(graphical)

This is a graphical list of the popes of the Catholic Church. While the term pope (Latin: Papa, 'Father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders, in English usage, this title generally refers to the supreme head of the Catholic Church and of the Holy See.The title itself has been used officially by the head of the Church since the tenure of Pope Siricius.

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britannica.com

https://www.britannica.com/

Informative and lively, Show What You Know is a quiz show for curious tweens and their grown-ups from Encyclopædia Britannica. Hosted by author Christopher Lloyd, each episode gives three middle-grade contestants a chance to go head to head with questions about the earth, the universe, ancient history, and more from the Britannica All New Kids’ Encyclopedia: What We …

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wikipedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes_by_country

This page is a list of popes by country of origin. They are listed in chronological order within each section. As the office of pope has existed for almost two millennia, many of the countries of origin of popes no longer exist, and so they are grouped under their modern equivalents.

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wikipedia.org

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_popes

The list of popes begins with St. Peter and continues through the present day. The pope is the head of the Catholic Church.. Peter was called the Bishop of Rome. All others who became Bishop of Rome were also recognized as popes.

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learnreligions.com

https://www.learnreligions.com/popes-of-the-catholic-church-542333

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britannica.com

https://www.britannica.com/topic/papacy/List-of-popes-and-antipopes

A list of popes and antipopes is provided in the table. 1 Antipopes are in italics. Until the 4th century the popes were usually known only as bishops of Rome. 2 The higher number is used if Felix (II), who reigned from 355 to 358 and is ordinarily classed as an antipope, is counted as a pope. 3 Though elected on March 23, 752, Stephen (II ...

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amazon.com

https://www.amazon.com/Pope-Encyclopedia-Holy-See/dp/0517882566

The Pope Encyclopedia: An A to Z of the Holy See. Paperback – September 26, 1995. by. Matthew Bunson (Author) › Visit Amazon's Matthew Bunson Page. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author. Reviews: 3 Format: Paperback Author: Matthew Bunson

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Format: Paperback

Author: Matthew Bunson

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wikipedia.org

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

The best encyclopedia pages have useful, well-written information. Use the pages to learn and teach. These pages can help people learn English. You can also use them to make a new Wikipedia to help other people. Simple does not mean short. Writing in Simple English means that simple words are used. It does not mean readers want basic information.

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britannica.com

https://www.britannica.com/topic/pope

Pope, the title, since about the 9th century, of the bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. The pope is regarded as the successor of St. Peter and has supreme power of jurisdiction over the Catholic church in matters of faith and morals, as well as in church discipline and government.

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britannica.com

https://www.britannica.com/browse/Saints-Popes/6

ENCYCLOPEDIA / Saints & Popes. Pius X, St. St. Pius X, ; canonized May 29, 1954; feast day August 21), Italian pope from 1903 to 1914, whose staunch political and religious conservatism dominated the early 20th-century Roman Catholic Church. Ordained in 1858, he became a parish priest in the Italian region of Venetia.

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apple.com

https://apps.apple.com/us/app/popes-encyclopedia/id866912892?l=es

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